Protecting and restoring our oceans and waterways

The University of Waikato is a leader in marine conservation research, committed to protecting and restoring the health of our oceans and coastlines.

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With campuses in Hamilton and Tauranga, our Tauranga location places us at the heart of a diverse marine environment, surrounded by coastal catchments, estuaries, lakes, Whakaari/White Island and New Zealand’s largest working harbour.

Our approach to research integrates mātauranga Māori with Western science. We have formed strong partnerships with iwi to deepen our understanding of the intricate world of marine ecosystems. This intergenerational knowledge provides critical insights into real-world issues such as climate change, globalisation and an increasing pressure on marine resources. As the climate crisis intensifies, we are at the forefront of developing innovative solutions to protect ocean ecosystems for future generations.

For more than 50 years, our researchers have been studying the Bay of Plenty’s coastal and marine environments. The Coastal Marine Field Station was established in 2011, following the MV Rena grounding and oil spill, New Zealand’s worst marine ecological disaster. Our scientists played a pivotal role in the response and recovery efforts, using their expertise to assess environmental damage and drive long-term restoration. Today, our support in opening the Raukōkore Marine Research Centre in the Eastern Bay of Plenty continues this mission, supporting sustainable aquaculture and marine health.

Our marine science team brings together internationally recognised expertise across marine ecology, geosciences, marine bioactive compounds and ocean sustainability. We work closely with regional and local councils to ensure our research supports practical outcomes, from coastal resilience and urbanisation impacts to climate-driven  
changes in marine and freshwater ecosystems. Our integrated, mountain-to-sea approach recognises the vital connection between land, freshwater and ocean environments, helping to inform better policy and conservation practices.

Our global partnerships allow us to collaborate with leading research institutions, including Scripps Research (USA), the Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), and the United States National Cancer Institute, where we are developing anti-cancer leads from marine organisms. We are also working with European Union countries to explore blue carbon (carbon dioxide stored in ocean ecosystems) as a tool to mitigate climate change.

Nationally, we provide expert advice on marine conservation, including sustainable port and harbour management, biosecurity threats, and the environmental effects of climate-driven events such as marine heatwaves, sedimentation, and cyclonic events. Our research on marine protection spans more than 40 years across New Zealand (including the Antarctic), making the University of Waikato Tauranga campus home to the longest consistent records for assessing the effects of marine protection nationally and some of the longest running programmes internationally.

The positive impact of our work is felt across the globe and our team is passionate about the importance of protecting our marine environment for generations to come.

2024 Highlights

Protecting our marine life has wide-reaching implications for the health and wealth of our nation and the world. In 2024 our researchers focused on managing external pressures on marine ecosystems, restoring aquatic habitats using Indigenous knowledge, and developing new ways to measure and improve ocean health.

Advancing aquaculture and restoring kaimoana

Shellfish restoration and sustainable aquaculture are essential for New Zealand’s food security and marine health. In 2024 our researchers worked with iwi to reverse declines in mussel populations in Ōhiwa Harbour, combining Indigenous and Western knowledge to develop new ecological restoration methods. We also studied how the nutritional condition of wild mussel spat (juvenile mussels) influences growth and harvest outcomes, highlighting the need for interventions to improve spat quality and supply for the aquaculture industry. These findings will help create more resilient, high-yield mussel farms that support both economic and ecological sustainability.

Protecting our environment with seaweed

Seaweed is emerging as a powerful natural solution for environmental restoration. In 2024 we explored how seaweed can clean waterways, improve biosecurity and support sustainable agriculture. With an $11.4m grant from the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment’s Endeavour Fund, our research focused on how seaweed-derived sugars can protect crops from biosecurity threats like the Psa bacterium while reducing agricultural runoff into waterways. We also trialled new methods for cultivating seaweed spores, making production more efficient and cost-effective and identifying which seaweed cultivars are most effective at treating wastewater. Together, these projects are expanding our knowledge of how seaweed can be used for marine conservation and commercial applications.

Understanding human impact on the underwater world

Human activity is significantly impacting marine and freshwater ecosystems. In 2024 our researchers studied the effects of rising water temperatures on fish and found that higher temperatures reduce fish swimming speeds.

The results highlight the need to incorporate temperature shifts in conservation strategies.

We also examined how intensified land use affects the health of mangrove forests, uncovering essential data for regional ecosystem models, coastal management, and restoration planning. These findings will help guide sustainable land use practices that protect coastal environments. With funding from the Marsden Fund, we launched a global study on marine inequality, comparing ocean resource governance in Hawaii’s aquarium fishery, salmon farming in Iceland and Ireland, and Māori claims for customary tenure alongside the development of iwi aquaculture assets. This research is building knowledge of alternative ways to govern marine systems and tackle the multiple and overlapping challenges our marine environments face.

Citations

Weaving indigenous and western ecological knowledge to enhance environmental sustainability. Ocean & Coastal Management, 258, 107402. Bulmer, R., Paul-Burke, K., Ranapia, M., Ellis, J., Bluett, C., O’Brien, T., Burke, J., Petersen, G., & Stephenson, F. (2024). doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107402 
High water temperature significantly influences swimming performance of New Zealand migratory species. Conservation Physiology, 12(1). Crawford, R. M. B., Gee, E. M., Dupont, D. W. E., Hicks, B. J., & Franklin, P. A. (2024). doi.org/10.1093/conphys/coae047
Effects of seeding twine type and seeding density on hatchery performance and initial at-sea cultivation performance of the kelp Ecklonia radiata. Algal Research, 84, 103777. Lawton, R. J., & Magnusson, M. (2024). doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2024.103777
Marine inequality and environmental demise: Identifying imperial borders in ocean governance (Project #23-UOW-057). Royal Society of New Zealand Marsden Fund. McCormack, F. (2023) 
Integrating rapid habitat mapping with community metrics and functional traits to assess estuarine ecological conditions: A New Zealand case study. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 206, 116717. Lam-Gordillo, O., Hailes, S., Carter, K., Petersen, G. L., Ferries, M., Salmond, N., Douglas, E. J., Paul-Burke, K., & Lohrer, A. M. (2024). doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116717
Productivity and competitive dominance of freshwater filamentous macroalgal cultivars for nutrient bioremediation of primary municipal wastewater. Water Science & Technology, 90(7) Novak, I., Magnusson, M., Craggs, R. J., & Lawton, R. J. (2024). doi.org/10.2166/wst.2024.313 
Nutritional condition of wild and hatchery- reared, green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus) spat used for aquaculture. Aquaculture, Fish and Fisheries, 4(1). Skelton, B. M., Múgica, M., Zamora, L. N., Delorme, N. J., Stanley, J. A., & Jeffs, A. G. (2023). doi.org/10.1002/aff2.145
Effects of catchment land use on temperate mangrove forests. Science of The Total Environment, 940, 173579. Thomson, T., Ellis, J. I., Fusi, M., Prinz, N., Lundquist, C. J., Bury, S. J., Shankar, U., Cary, S. C., & Pilditch, C. A. (2024). doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173579

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The University of Waikato is at the forefront of creating transformation that serves people, businesses and the environment. 

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Globally, chronic health conditions have placed resourcing demands upon already strained healthcare systems, thereby further exacerbating inequities. 

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The University of Waikato is a leader in marine conservation research, committed to protecting and restoring the health of our oceans and coastlines. 

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Our world is facing a range of deeply interconnected challenges that pit profit against our planet.